“Direct and Indirect speech”

· Direct speech => refers to to reproducing another person’s exact words. We

use quatation marks. (“......”)

· Indirect speech => refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words.

Not all the exact words are used : verb form and pronoun

may change. We don’t use quatation marks.

· example :

Direct speech	Indirect speech
· Vita said, “ I’am tired” · Mr. Chandra, “ I go to the office”	· Vita said that she was tired · Mr. Chandra sadi that he went to the office.

· To change Direct speech into Indirect speech, keep following points are :

A. If the main verb of the sentences is in the past (e.g said) the verb in the noun clause is usually also in a past form. Notice the verb changes inthe examples below.

§ e.g

Direct speech	Indirect speech
§ Lenny said, “I study hard” § Pino said, “I am playing football” § Narmia said, “I have written a letter for my niece”	§ Lenny said that she studied hard. § Pino said that he was playing football. § Narmia said she had written a letter for her niece.

B. If the main verb of the sentence is in the present (e.g says) no change is made in the verb tense or modalin the noun clause.

§ e.g

Direct speech	Indirect speech
· Aldo says, “I eat fried chicken” · Rizal says, “I am Reading a Harry Potter novel”	· Aldo says that he eats fried chicken. · Rizal says that he is reading a Harry Potter novel.

C. When you change a direct speech into the indirect speech form, you also change the adverb of time.

§ e.g

Direct speech	Indirect speech
§ Now § Today § Tomorrow § Next... § Last... § ....ago § Yesterday § The day before yesterday § Here § This § These	§ Then § That day § The next day, the day after, the following day § The....after, the following § The ....before, the previous § ....before § The day before § Two days before § There § That § Those

· There are kinds of indirect speech :

a. Command/request

b. Question

c. Statement